The authors highlight the potential therapeutic applications of exosomes, including their use in cancer treatment, regenerative medicine and gene therapy.
Exosome
treatment for hair loss is a cutting-edge regenerative therapy that uses exosomes (small extracellular vesicles secreted by stem cells) to stimulate hair follicle regeneration and promote new hair growth. These nano-sized vesicles contain a large number of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, microRNA and growth factors, which influence cellular signaling and communication. The application of exosomes significantly improves cell regeneration by providing essential biomolecules that play a fundamental role in wound healing.The delivery of proteins and genetic material through exosomes promotes the activation of key cellular pathways, including those involving the p53 gene, which is vital for cellular stress responses and repair. This process not only helps tissue recovery, but it also optimizes the healing environment, promoting faster recovery from injuries. It revealed that exosomal mmu-miR-291a-3p from sectional cells could inhibit cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts through the TGF-β receptor 2 pathway, thus accelerating the healing process of cutaneous wounds by excision. They talk about the need to standardize and validate exosome-based products, as well as the importance of understanding the biological mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated administration (level 2b).).
CAR exosomes, which are released from CAR-T cells, carry CAR on their surface and express a high level of cytotoxic molecules and inhibit tumor growth. Exosome therapy provides a safe and efficient method for improving cell communication and regeneration, offering hope for better results in regenerative medicine. In the context of aesthetic and regenerative medicine, exosome treatment involves the use of these vesicles to promote skin rejuvenation, hair loss, hair restoration and tissue repair. In addition, the advancement of exosome therapies can be hampered without established guidelines for the production and classification of these small vesicles.
ADMSC exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (such as microRNAs) that are specific to their mammal origin and reflect the characteristics of their stem cells. In summary, while both treatments aim to rejuvenate and repair tissues, exosome treatment may offer a more advanced and potentially more effective approach due to the unique properties of exosomes and their role in cell-to-cell communication. The authors analyze the role of exosomes in fertility, pregnancy, and reproductive health, including their ability to deliver therapeutic molecules and modulate the immune response. The longevity of exosomes is another essential characteristic, as they show a remarkable lifespan compared to traditional methods, which may require a rapid application after preparation.
He discovered that EPC-derived exosomes could improve the bioactivity of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and protect them from hyperoxic lesions in the developing pulmonary vasculature, thus contributing to the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. After the production of the exosomes, standardized guidelines will be formulated for quality control in all possible processes. These methods are direct methods or exogenous approaches, in which drugs are loaded into isolated exosomes by several methods; and indirect methods or endogenous approaches, in which parental cells are loaded with drugs or are genetically modified to express optional proteins, receptors and RNAs. The article concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of exosome membrane proteins.
(Level. In addition, because exosome treatment is relatively new, there is limited long-term data on its safety and efficacy.
